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| Venus Clouds Found to Contain Much More Water Than Expected. |
A group of American scientists has discovered that the clouds on Venus contain far more water than previously believed.
This finding comes from a reanalysis of data collected during NASA’s Pioneer Venus mission, launched in the late 1970s.
According to a collaborative study by researchers from California State Polytechnic University in Pomona, the University of Wisconsin, the University of Arizona, and NASA, about 60 percent of Venus’ cloud particles are made up of water compounds.
However, this water isn’t liquid like on Earth. It’s bound in hydrated minerals such as iron and magnesium sulfates.
The research was led by Rakesh Mogul of Cal Poly Pomona, inspired by a conversation with Venus expert Sanjay Limaye from the University of Wisconsin.
Together, they decided to revisit old data from the Pioneer Venus Large Probe, which had been stored for decades in NASA’s archives on microfilm.
The team successfully located, scanned, and reanalyzed the data using modern technology.
Their findings revealed that instruments such as the neutral mass spectrometer (LNMS) and gas chromatograph (LGC) actually recorded more information than scientists originally realized.
During the probe’s descent into Venus’s thick atmosphere, the instrument’s intake ports were partially clogged by aerosol particles from the clouds.
Initially, this was thought to be a malfunction, but the researchers saw it as an opportunity.
As the particles melted at high temperatures, the instruments detected gas releases that indicated the presence of water at 185°C and 414°C.
This suggested the existence of hydrated iron and magnesium sulfates.
In addition, strong signals of sulfuric acid appeared at around 215°C, matching its known decomposition temperature.
Surprisingly, there was also a second spike of sulfur dioxide at 397°C, along with traces of iron — likely originating from cosmic dust mixing into Venus’s acidic atmosphere.
This discovery challenges the long-standing belief that Venus’s clouds are made almost entirely of concentrated sulfuric acid.
In fact, sulfuric acid now appears to make up only about 22 percent of the cloud particles.
The rest consists largely of water-rich compounds.
For astrobiologists, this is big news because it suggests that microscopic life could potentially survive in Venus’s cloud layers, once thought to be too dry.
Although the conditions are still extremely hot and acidic, the presence of water — even in bound form — offers new hope for the search for life beyond Earth.
The study also helps explain why remote sensing observations often failed to detect water in Venus’s atmosphere.
Spectroscopic methods can only identify free water vapor, not water that’s chemically bound within hydrated compounds.
Looking ahead, scientists plan to compare these findings with new data from upcoming NASA missions like VERITAS and DAVINCI+.
If confirmed, this discovery could completely reshape our understanding of Venus’s atmosphere and broaden the definition of where life might exist in our solar system.